Why does Africa need BRICS?

After the Suez Crisis of 1956, when US President Dwight Eisenhower asked France and Britain to park and leave the African continent and grant independence to the colonially controlled states, Africa saw rapid growth of political independence from 1957 into the 1960s. However, the freedom given to Africans was mostly political, to satisfy the demand of the rising American empire against the declining French and British Colonial empires.

The economies of most of the African countries were and still are heavily controlled by the system set up during the colonial era.

The economies of these countries are heavily export-led, principally raw materials, masked in the name of earning forex, while in reality it looks more like colonial exploitation of locals than any genuine desire for African development and growth. African farms were forced to change their crop choices to export crops like cocoa, coffee and sugar, while the most important products needed for African food security, such as corn, rice, wheat and for African industrialization, like cotton and seed oils production, were discouraged.

Some agricultural lands were turned to mining sites, and child labor is still being used to exploit mineral resources for a pittance, as can be seen in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Sudan, and others. This situation forces Africa to import a significant part of its food supply, threatening continent-wide food security.

While the Eisenhower Doctrine ended the colonial empires in Africa, the Nixon Shock forced the dollar on African states as a common currency.

The US dollar used to be backed by gold, until the Nixon Shock of 1971-1973, when the dollar became a fiat currency. In effect, the United States just prints dollars and uses them in exchange for valuable African minerals, along with agricultural and industrial commodities.

To juxtapose this, an American company can come to Africa with greenbacks, and use them to buy gold, lithium, cobalt, coltan, cocoa, coffee bean, iron ore, and sugar for the purposes of American industrial development and American consumption, while Africans are paid little in return. Even so, the US-controlled multilateral institutions – the IMF and World Bank – advise African governments to obtain loans to cover their budget deficits. Through these channels, the greenback finds its way back to American pockets, leaving Africans to continue in a perpetual circle of poverty and exploitation.

The multipolar system and BRICS, however, provide a way out for the Global South, especially Africans, in a way that has never been possible before.

BRICS is a forum for cooperation among a group of leading emerging economies. It comprises nine countries: Russia, China, Brazil, India, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. BRICS has also admitted nine partner countries: Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Thailand, Uganda and Uzbekistan.

From the list above, Africa has three full members and one partner country within the BRICS group.

The concept of BRICS is to promote a multipolar system. This allows countries to trade between themselves in their local currencies, while backing their currency with their commodities. This is exemplified by trade between China and Russia, which hit over $200 billion in the last nine months of 2024, and is conducted more than 95% in Chinese yuan and Russian rubles. Africa is a resource-rich continent which is blessed with vast mineral resources in addition to agricultural production, which can be used to back African local currencies.

For instance, trade between China and Africa in the first seven months of 2024 rose by 5.6% to $167 billion . Chinese exports to African countries amounted to $97 billion during the period, while African exporters registered $69 billion in sales to China, principally driven by raw materials.

With such volumes, however, African nations currently need dollars to supply financial institutions and conduct their trade with China. An alternative is to use their local currencies to import what they need from China, and receive payment in Chinese yuan through their own banks. BRICS offers this opportunity.

When African governments join BRICS, they open a window of unprecedented growth for their local economies, using their actual value to global trade. This helps stabilize their economies, maximize economic potential, and shield them from overly inflated dollars that often exploit their exports, weaken their economies and threaten their general well-being.

Thus, it is imperative that African leaders rid themselves of the neocolonial mentality, and work together with the BRICS countries to join the formidable, inevitable rise of the multipolar world, for the greater good of the continent.

No country can isolate itself when implementing an important reform program that will help it bring progress and development. Joining the multipolar order via BRICS is a solution to that.

Some African governments have tried to conduct their own trade in local currencies with foreign countries. For instance, Nigeria and China signed a currency swap agreement in 2017, which was renewed in 2024. This deal was meant to allow Nigerian importers to have access to yuan through Nigeria’s Central Bank, for their trade with Beijing. However, due to lobbying and manipulation by the IMF and the World Bank, the agreement has stalled.

If Nigeria had joined the BRICS, it would have been much easier for the country to back its naira in international trade with the countries of BRICS, including China, India, Brazil, Russia and the UAE.  

This scenario applies to all African countries not aligned with the multipolar order and the BRICS system, Ghana and Kenya included. Despite their richness in terms of gold deposits, the Ghanaian economy is struggling due to a lack of available dollars for its trade on the global market. Ghana has no control over its gold reserves, due to the colonial hangover, and has not been able to grow due to its attachment to the dollar-only international trading system.

For African states, joining the BRICS group is the best way to truly obtain economic independence. The new multipolar world order opens doors to multiple options for forming useful alliances within the international community. BRICS will unlock Africa’s true potential, build stronger ties with key industrialized countries – China, Russia and India – making it possible to restore African industries, create job opportunities for ordinary Africans, and encourage upward mobility.